Watershed demarcation. Topographic Map. Soi topo sheet. Watershed Management and Modelling.

Drawing Watershed Boundaries When we talk about the hydrologic cycle and the water budget, we typically talk about these things in terms of watersheds. So first you should know what a watershed is.

 Watersheds are topographically defined areas –something like bowls. What we mean by that is that a watershed is separated from neighboring watersheds by high points on the landscape. You can think of a watershed as an area that, if precipitation falling into it was not evaporated back to the atmosphere and did not infiltrate into the soil, all of the water in the watershed would run downhill to the same stream. Delineating watershed boundaries. All watershed delineation means is that you're drawing lines on a map to identify a watershed's boundaries. These are typically drawn on topographic maps using information from contour lines. Contour lines are lines of equal elevation, so any point along a given contour line is the same elevation. 

Watershed demarcation. Topographic Map. Soi topo sheet

https://drive.google.com/file/d/191SKAsze9xOToLgXQszFqWClEoydsZJF/view?usp=drivesdk

Vineesh V
Assistant Professor of Geography,
Government College Chittur, Palakkad
Government of Kerala.

https://vineesh-geography.business.site

Weather and Climate.

Good morning.

Good day.

This is Vineesh.

Welcome to our our class.

Today's topic of discussion is about Weather and Climate, a simple and interesting topic. 

We all know that Geography is Spatial science deals with Man, earth and environment. Now a days we people are studying about Different spatial process and patterns.

Weather.

Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. 

Weather is the mix of events that happen each day in our atmosphere. Weather is different in different parts of the world and changes over minutes, hours, days and weeks. Most weather happens in the troposphere, the part of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the ground.

Weather refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. CLIMATE: the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

Types of weather include sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, and snowy.

Climate.

Climate is the average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine. Also a description of the (chance of) extremes is often included.

Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate.

Climate is the average of that weather. For example, you can expect snow in the Northeast in January or for it to be hot and humid in the Southeast in July. This is climate. The climate record also includes extreme values such as record high temperatures or record amounts of rainfall.

Let's conclude today's session,

Whereas weather refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere, climate describes what the weather is like over a long period of time in a specific area. Different regions can have different climates.

Thanks for attending the class,

Come with your feedback and questions.

Warranty,

Vineesh V,

Assistant Professor of Geography, Government College Chittur, Palakkad.

Morphology of River, from Peaks to Seas in different Landscapes.

Morphology of River, from Peaks to Seas in different Landscapes

#geography #geomorphology #geology 

Vineesh V
Assistant Professor of Geography,
Government College Chittur, Palakkad
Government of Kerala.

https://vineesh-geography.business.site

Madden julian oscillation and indian monsoon. Mjo.

The Madden–Julian oscillation is the largest element of the intraseasonal variability in the tropical atmosphere. It was discovered in 1971 by Roland Madden and Paul Julian of the American National Center for Atmospheric Research.

What is Mjo in geography?

The MJO can be defined as an eastward moving 'pulse' of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days. It's a traversing phenomenon and is most prominent over the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

What is the main source of intra seasonal climate variability in the tropics?

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), sometimes known as the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), is the leading mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropical climate system.

What causes the Madden-Julian Oscillation?

The wet phase of enhanced convection and precipitation is followed by a dry phase where thunderstorm activity is suppressed. Each cycle lasts approximately 30–60 days. Because of this pattern, the Madden–Julian oscillation is also known as the 30- to 60-day oscillation, 30- to 60-day wave, or intraseasonal oscillation.

How often does the Madden-Julian Oscillation occur?

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the major fluctuation in tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescales. The MJO can be characterised as an eastward moving 'pulse' of cloud and rainfall near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days.

What is Madden-Julian Oscillation Upsc?

According to India Met Department (IMD), the Arabian Sea arm of south-west monsoon is counting on an itinerant Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) wave for normal monsoon. ... The MJO can be defined as an eastward moving 'pulse' of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days.

Where is the Madden-Julian Oscillation?

northern Australia

The Madden-Julian Oscillation is moving over northern Australia, encouraging wet conditions. The climate driver usually takes between a month and 60 days to make its way around the tropics. Although this MJO is weak with the La Niña active, it opens the door for rain and storms in the coming weeks.

Why does Indian Ocean have dipole?

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), also known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer (positive phase) and then colder (negative phase) than the eastern part of the ocean.

What is MJO wave?

The MJO is a system of very tall or deep convective clouds (storminess) that travels eastward along the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans approximately every 30-60 days. The convective region of the MJO has enhanced storms and rainfall, and it is usually sandwiched to the east and west by dry, sunny areas.

What is suppressed convection?

In the suppressed convective phase, winds converge at the top of the atmosphere, forcing air to sink and, later, to diverge at the surface (Rui and Wang, 1990). As air sinks from high altitudes, it warms and dries, which suppresses rainfall.

Where does the MJO start?

Indian Ocean

from Rol Madden and Paul Julian. Typically the convectively active stage of an MJO starts over the equatorial Indian Ocean and moves slowly eastward at 3-5 m/s toward the west and central Pacific Ocean.

Vineesh V
Assistant Professor of Geography,
Government College Chittur, Palakkad
Government of Kerala.

https://vineesh-geography.business.site